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Emergency treatment of poisoning

Emergency treatment of poisoning

These notes provide only an overview of the treatment of poisoning and it is strongly recommended.

Hospital Admission:

All patients who show features of poisoning should generally be admitted to hospital. Patients who have taken poisons with delayed action should also be admitted, even if they appear well. Delayed action poisons include asprine, iron, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressants, co-phenotrope and paraqual; the effects of modified release preparations are also delayed. A note of all relevant information including what treatment has been given should accompany the patient to hospital.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

(A)

Hypnotics and anxiolytics:

Following are hypnotics and anxiolytics medicines:

1. Flurazepam
2. Lormetazapam
3. Mirtazapine
4. Nitrazepam
5. Temazepam
6. Zolpidem Tartrate
7. Melatonin
8. Chloral Hydrate
9. Triclofos Sodium
10. Promethazine HCL
11. Alprazolam
12. Bromazepam
13. Captodiamine HCL
14. Chlordiazepoxide
15. Chlordiazepoxide+Clidinium
16. Clorazepate
17. Diazepam
18. Estazolam
19. Lorazepam
20. Nimetazepam
21. Pinazepam
22. Tofisopam
23. Buspirone HCL

Beta Blockers

They do not effect psychological such as worry, tension and fear and they don’t reduce autonomic symptoms as well as non-autonomic symptoms.

1. Meprobamate
2. Phenobarbitone
3. Etifoxine Hydrochloride

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2.1 Positive inotripic drugs

Cardiac glycosides

DIGOXIN is the medicine used in Congestive cardiac failure, cardiac dysarrycalcemia, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

2.2 Diuretic

Diuretic has been classified:

(a) Loop diuretics:

·        Furosemide

·        Bumetenide

(b) Thiazide diuretics:

·        Chlorthiazide

·        Hydrochlorothiazide

·        Bendrofluazide

(c)  K.Sparing diuretics:

·        Spironolactone

·        Amiloride

·        Triameterene

·        Indapamide

(d) Carbonic anhaydrase inhibitors:

·        Acetazolamide

2.3 Anti-arrhythmic drugs

ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYERTICS

ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYERTICS

Assessment of pain is essential for its correct treatment. As pain is subjective any assessment is best based on the patient’s own verbal report and clinical and analgesic history, to making a physical examination and psychosocial assessment, the patient should be questioned on the severity, quality and site of pain, its frequency and duration, and its effect on lifestyle.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) analgesic leader ascending from non-opioids through weak opioids who develop mild pains such as tension headaches are:

Mild Pain:

In the mild pain we can use following:

1. Aspirin / Salicyates
2. Paracetamol
3. Dipyron(Metamizole)
4. Ibuprofen
5. Mefenamic Acid

Moderate Pain:

In the moderate pain we can use:

1. Dextropropoxyphene
2. Codeine Phosphate + Paracetamol
3. Nefopam HCL
4. Propyphenazone + caffine

Severe Pain:

In the severe pain we can use:

1.      Buprenorphine

2.      Butorphanol

3.      Codeine Phosphate

4.      Fentanyal Citrate

5.      Nalbuphine HCL

6.      Pentazocine

7.      Morphine Sulphate

8.      Tramadol HCL

9.      Acetaminophen

Anti migraine therapy

Anaesthesia

Anaesthesia

General Anaesthesia is:

1.     Intravenous Anaesthesia

2.     Inhalational Anaesthesia

3.     Antimuscarinic Drugs

4.     Sedative and A Analgesics

5.     Pre-operative Drugs

6.     Muscle Relaxants

7.     Anticholinesterase used in Anaesthesia

8.     Antagonists for central and respiratory depressants

9.     Drugs for malignant hyperthermia

Prescribing in dental practice

Prescribing in dental practice

This section provides guidelines on the management of the more common medical emergencies which may arise in dental practice. Dental surgeons and their staff should be familiar with standard resuscitation procedures, but